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Objective@#To analyze the association between non-school sedentary time and myopia among primary and secondary school students with different levels of physical activity, so as to provide data for precise measures to prevent and control myopia.@*Methods@#From September to December 2019, stratified cluster sampling was used to select 7 872 primary and secondary students in grades 4 to 12, middle and high school students from Hefei, Suzhou, Chizhou and Wuhu Cities in Anhui Province. Face-to-face questionnaires and vision examinations were conducted to collect demographic information, physical activity time, sedentary study time and visual health status. Potential categories were analyzed for different types of physical activity time, and Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between non-school sedentary time and myopia at different levels of physical activity.@*Results@#A total of 2 976 primary and secondary school students were found with high physical activity levels and 4 896 primary and secondary school students with low physical activity levels. The proportion of low physical activity was higher in girls than in boys (68.7% vs . 55.6%), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=143.97, P <0.01). The overall screening myopia rate was 48.2%, with statistically significant differences among female students (53.0%) compared with male students (43.3%), urban students ( 51.8 %) compared with rural students (44.5%), and longer non-school sedentary time students (60.6%) compared with average (45.1%) and shorter (42.1%) non-school sedentary time students, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=73.15, 41.96 , 161.74, P <0.01). Adjusting for confounders such as residence, grade, gender, age, father s education, mother s education, and body mass index (BMI), multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that prolonged after-school sedentary study was positivety correlated with myopia among primary and secondary school students of low physical activity levels ( OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.27-1.83, P <0.01), and there was no statistical association between after-school sedentary time and myopia in primary and secondary school students with high physical activity levels ( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Attention should be paid to non-school sedentary time for primary and secondary school students with low physical activity levels. And students who spend a lot of time sitting outside of school should be encouraged to maintain high physical activity levels to reduce the risk of myopia.
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Objective@#The aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive concise health index (CHI) for evaluating adolescents, so as to provide a basis for determining the overall health status of adolescents in China.@*Methods@#On the basis of a literature review and consensus among core researchers, adolescent CHI indicators in the following five dimensions were assessed:physical growth, physical fitness, common diseases, mental health and behavioral health. A total of 24 experts used an analysis hierarcgy process (AHP) to calculate the indicators subjective weights. In addition, from October to December of 2021, two regions, A and B were selected to conduct empirical research, and the CRITIC method was used to calculate the objective weights of the indicators. Finally, the weight coefficients were determined through the AHP-CRITIC combination weight method, and comprehensive evaluation was performed with the TOPSIS method.@*Results@#Across academic period and genders, the combined weighted coefficients of the health indicators were as follows:BMI, 0.081-0.095; waist circumference, 0.070-0.081; relative grip strength, 0.101-0.108; myopia, 0.110-0.128; dental caries, 0.055-0.070; psychological symptoms, 0.240-0.262; physical exercise, 0.085-0.115; screen time, 0.097-0.111; and sleep duration, 0.086-0.103. The health index of middle school students in city A (0.626±0.065) was significantly higher than that in city B(0.613±0.066)( t=6.34, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The comprehensive adolescent CHI evaluation method has good consistency and application value, and may serve as a reference for adolescent health monitoring.
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Abstract@#With the socio economic development and urbanization, obesity increased dramatically worldwide among children and adolescents over the past years. The determinants of obesity are complicated, and its association with built environment in community has received great concern in recent years. To provide theoretical basis for building supportive environment beneficial for obesity prevention, the review summarizes obesity related built environment, including food environment, physical activity environment, road traffic environment, lighting at night.
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Objective@#To develop a simplified Rating Questionnaire of Social Ecological Risks in Adolescents and to evaluate the reliability and predictive validity of the brief questionnaire, so as to provide data and evidence support for building the evaluation system of cumulative social ecological risk exposure.@*Methods@#A large cross sectional was conducted in eight areas, including Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Xuzhou, Nanchang, Shenyang, Taiyuan, Kunming and Chongqing, from October to December 2021. A total of 22 868 adolescents were included in the analysis. Data on healthy behaviors from 10 838 adolescents from Shenyang, Taiyuan, Kunming, Chongqing were used for item selection, based on factor analysis, validity and reliability evaluation. The data from Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Xuzhou, Nanchang, including 12 030 adolescents, were used to define the partition values of the brief questionnaire, and evaluate the predictive validity.@*Results@#The brief questionnaire containing 25-item were developed by analyzing and choosing all items of original questionnaire, and covered seven dimensions including individual, family, school, community, policy, time and culture. The cumulative contribution rate of variance was 54.95%, the Cronbach coefficient was 0.79, and the split half coefficient was 0.70. Participants in the higher risk group had significantly higher risk of smoking ( OR =4.05, 95% CI = 2.78 -5.92), drinking ( OR =3.47, 95% CI =2.86-4.19), suicidal ideation ( OR =8.85, 95% CI =7.68-10.21), suicidal plans ( OR = 8.85, 95% CI =7.27-10.78), suicidal attempt ( OR = 8.86 , 95% CI =6.67-11.78) than individual in the lower risk group ( P < 0.05). After stratified by gender, the above positive correlations still remained significant( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The brief questionnaire, with good reliability and predictive validity, could be widely applicated in the further researches on social ecological risk factors.
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Objective@#To analyze the relationship between outdoor activity, screen time and 20 meter shuttle run test (20 m SRT) score among children and adolescents in Baoan District, Shenzhen, so as to provide scientific basis for the management and promotion of physical health of children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling was used to select students from 14 schools in 6 communities in Baoan District of Shenzhen, from April to May 2019. A self designed questionnaire was used to investigate demographic characteristics, outdoor activity duration and screen time of primary and middle school students. A total of 3 192 primary and secondary school students in grade 1-12 were selected from each school. Weight, height and 20 m SRT were measured.@*Results@#About 985(30.9%) out of 3 192 primary and middle school students were estimated excellent on 20 m SRT test, with boys being higher than that of girls (34.7% vs 26.3%) ( χ 2=26.43, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the group with outdoor activity <2 h/d, the excellent and good performers on 20 m SRT with outdoor activity time ≥2 h/d was higher( OR=1.38, 95%CI =1.12-1.70). Compared with students with screen time ≥2 h/d, the excellent and good performers on 20 m SRT with screen time <2 h/d was higher( OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.17-1.71). Compared with students with outdoor activity time < 2 h/d and screen time ≥ 2 h/d, students with outdoor activity time ≥2 h/d and video time < 2 h/d had a higher proportion of excellent score on 20 m SRT( OR=1.97, 95%CI =1.46-2.67).@*Conclusion@#Increasing outdoor activity and reducing screen time are helpful to improve the performance score of 20 m SRT among primary and secondary school students.
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Abstract@#The impact of parental adverse childhood experiences on offspring health has become a heated issue after evaluating the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in individual s physical and mental health. The current study reviews the impact of parental ACEs on childrens health from the perspective of intergenerational effects, and explores their potential psychosocial and biological mechanisms. Future research topics are proposed and early interventions are encouraged to interrupt the intergenerational cycle of victimization and health problems.
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Objective@#To explore the association between middle school students health literacy and bully victimization and associated sex difference, and to provide guidance for bully prevention in adolescents.@*Methods@#During November 2017 to January 2018, 18 900 junior and senior high school students were enrolled from Hefei of Anhui Province, Shenyang of Liaoning Province, Yangjiang of Guangdong Province and Chongqing by multistage cluster sampling. A self rated questionnaires were used to collect demographic information, health literacy, and bully victimization. Group differences by different characteristics and the association between health literacy and bully victimization were analyzed.@*Results@#The detection rates of campus and cyber bullying victimization were 15.8% (2 992/18 900) and 9.1% (1 723/18 900). Boys, junior high school students, students with poor family financial status and few close friends had a detection rate of 28.0%, 18.8%, 23.3%, and 33.6% of school bullying, which are higher than those of the control group ( χ 2=225.64, 148.07, 141.13, 143.49, P <0.01); boys, students with poor household income and few close friends, the detection rates of cyber bullying were 10.9%, 14.4%, and 20.1%, respectively, are higher than the control group ( χ 2=62.96, 112.82, 88.49, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that students with low overall and dimensions scores of health literacy were more likely to suffer from campus and cyber bullying, except for the dimension of physical activity. In addition, at all levels of health literacy, males are more likely to be bullied than females ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Health literacy of middle school students is related to bully victimization, which is sex specific. Intervention programs of bullying should focus on health literacy enhancement.
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Objective@#To develop the Adolescent Mental Health Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (AMHLAQ), and to evaluate its reliability and validity among undergraduates.@*Methods@#On the basis of the definition of mental health literacy (MHL) and the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) theory, this study constructed a total of 36 items consisting of four dimensions, and scores were measured according to a five point Likert type scale. Using a cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 826 freshmen and sophomore students from two medical schools in Anhui Province. The items were screened by performing t tests, Pearson s correlation coefficient analysis and factor analysis. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated using indicators including homogeneity reliability, the split half reliability coefficient, and construct validity.@*Results@#Factor analysis revealed that the AMHLAQ consisted of 22 questions grouped into four domains. The variance cumulative contribution rate was 62.213%. The reliability result showed that the Cronbach s alpha coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.897, the split half reliability was 0.800, the Cronbach s coefficient of each dimension was 0.796 to 0.885, the split half reliability of each dimension was 0.725 to 0.846, and the indicators had a high level of reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was good ( χ 2/df =19.319, P <0.01; RMSEA=0.069).@*Conclusion@#AMHLAQ is consistent with the evaluation standard of psychometrics, has good reliability and validity, and can be used to estimate the level of MHL among undergraduates.
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Objective@#To explore the association between health literacy and drinking behaviors among middle school students in six provinces of China, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of drinking behaviors.@*Methods@#From November 2015 to January 2016, 22 628 students were enrolled from Ulanqab, Shenyang, Xinxiang, Bengbu, Chongqing and Yangjiang by multistage stratified cluster sampling method. And a questionnaire survey was conducted among them to collect demographic information, health literacy and drinking behaviors. Rates on drinking behaviors were compared in students with specific characteristics. Multiple Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between health literacy and drinking behaviors.@*Results@#The proportion of ever drinking, current drinking, binge drinking, drunkenness was 60.0%(13 580), 16.8%(3 799), 5.9%(1 344) and 9.9%(2 250), respectively. After adjusting for gender, grade, family address, siblings, accommodation type, parental educational level, and self reported family income, compared to the high level health literacy, the low level health literacy was significantly associated with ever drinking (OR=1.76, 95%CI=1.62-1.91), current drinking(OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.23-1.52), binge drinking (OR=1.39, 95%CI=1.18-1.63), and drunkenness(OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.47-1.92), respectively(P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Health literacy of middle school students was related to drinking behaviors. The occurrence of health risk behaviors such as drinking can be prevented and reduced by improving students health literacy level.
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Abstract@#Vertebral column defects can have adverse effects on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Early screening and diagnosis is conducive to the correction of the disease, which can effectively slow down or stop the process of abnormal spinal curvature in children and adolescents. However, in terms of cost-effectiveness, there are different opinions around the world on the inclusion of school screening for abnormal spinal curvature into routine health services. This article reviews the concept and classification of vertebral column defects in children and adolescents, the epidemic situation, screening methods and significance by consulting the relevant literature at home and abroad, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Objective@#The aim of this paper is to understand the associations between childhood abuse experience,parent-child relationship and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in middle school students.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 14 500 middle school students from Shenzhen,Zhengzhou,Nanchang and Guiyang as participants. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on childhood abuse exposure,parent-child relationship and NSSI.@*Results@#The prevalence of NSSI was 14.81%,while it was higher among male students (15.95%) than female students (13.64%) (χ2=15.29,P<0.01). A multivariate Logistic regression models showed that the moderate and high level of childhood abuse (OR=2.23,3.27) and the low level of parents-child relationship (OR=1.80,1.36) were associated with high NSSI detection rate among middle school students (P<0.01). In each group of childhood abuse,low level of father-child relationship was associated with high NSSI detection rate among middle school students (OR=1.36,1.34,1.56,P<0.05). In the group with high level of childhood abuse experience,low level of mother-child relationship was associated with high NSSI detection rate (OR=1.20,P<0.05). Among male students,those with high level of childhood abuse experience,low level of parentchild relationship were associated with high NSSI detection rate (OR=1.46,1.35,P<0.01); regardless of the level of childhood abuse experience,low level of father-daughter relationship was associated with NSSI detection rate (OR=1.64,1.54,1.68,P<0.01) among females.@*Conclusion@#Childhood abuse experience and poor parent-child relationship are associated with NSSI in middle school students, with distinct gender difference. Prevention of childhood abuse and the improvement of parent-child relationship are beneficial to the prevention and control of NSSI.
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Objective@#The study aims to examine the prospective association and sex differences of pubertal timing and tempo with behavior problems.@*Methods@#Participants from two primary schools in grade 1-3 were selected through clustering convenience sampling method in Bengbu, Anhui Province was established since 2013 (T1), with informed consent, 2 084 students were recruited, and follow-up surveys were conducted in 2015 (T2), 2017 (T3) and 2019 (T4) respectively. Demographic information, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt and externalizing symptoms were collected through questionnaire investigation, and pubertal development in boys and girls were evaluated by secondary sexual development (testicular volume for boys and breast development for girls). At T4, externalizing symptoms were evaluated by MacArthur Health & Behavior Questionnaire-Child (HBQ-C). Using SAS PROC NLMIXED to fit nonlinear growth model to estimate pubertal timimg and tempo. Puberty timing was classified into early, on-time, and delayed groups; and the puberty tempo into fast, average, and slow groups. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the predictive effects of modeling pubertal timing and tempo on multi-disciplinary behavior problems in adolescence boys and girls.@*Results@#There were 1 909 people with complete baseline and follow-up questionnaires and puberty development information. Reported rates of externalizing symptoms, NSSI, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt and were 13.9% (265), 24.4% (466), 14.2% (271), 4.6% (88) and 2.3% (43) respectively. Logistic regression analysis results show that fast pubertal tempo increases the risk of externalization [OR(95%CI)=2.85(1.53-5.31) and NSSI [OR(95%CI)=2.11(1.22-3.65)] for boys, and the risk of suicide attempt [OR(95%CI)=2.99(1.07-8.35)] for girls. Slow tempo can reduce the risk of suicidal ideation and suicide plan for boys [OR(95%CI)=0.40(0.18-0.87), 0.07(0.01-0.67)], the externalizing symptoms and suicidal ideation for girls [OR(95%CI)=0.33(0.13-0.81)，0.38(0.17-0.85)]. Early pubertal timing will increase the risk of suicide plan for boys [OR(95%CI)=3.60(1.04-12.43)], meanwhile late timing can reduce the risk of NSSI in girls [OR(95%CI)=0.39(0.19-0.80)].@*Conclusion@#The tempo of pubertal development may be a useful predictor of adolescent behavioral problems.
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Objective@#To investigate the relationship between childhood abuse experience and non-suicidal self-injury in middle school students, and gender differences of the relationship.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 14 500 middle school students from Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Nanchang and Guiyang as participants. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on demographic indicators, childhood abuse experiences and non-suicidal self-injury, etc. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between childhood abuse experience and non-suicidal self-injury, and gender differences.@*Results@#The prevalence of NSSI was 9.5%,while it was higher among male students (10.7%) than female students(8.3%) (χ2=22.77，P<0.01). The rate of NSSI was higher with the increasing exposure of childhood abuse. High levels of multiple forms of childhood abuse had independent effects on NSSI among total samples after controlling for confounding factors (P<0.01). In middle school students with high levels of sexual abuse, emotional neglect and childhood abuse, females versus males had higher risk to have NSSI (P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Childhood abuse experiences were associated with increased risk of NSSI among middle school students, especially among girls. Groups at highest risk of NSSI in relation to certain types of childhood abuse should be targeted with interventions accordingly.
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Objective@#The purpose of the current study was to determinate the prevalence of dating violence perpetration and victimization and to examine its relationship with childhood abuse among medical college students.@*Methods@#Cluster sampling survey was carried out among 3 727 freshmen and sophomores in two medical colleges from Anhui Province. Information with general demographic variables, childhood abuse and dating violence was obtained. Logistic regression was used to identify the relationship of different types of childhood abuse and dating violence after controlled for confounding factors.@*Results@#The rate of dating violence perpetration and victimization was 37.8% and 27.8%, respectively. Female students had higher childhood emotional abuse experience (61.9%) than male students (51.6%), while male students had higher childhood physical and sexual abuse (28.2% and 19.4%) than females (24.3% and 10.5%) (χ2=33.84，6.33，52.97，P<0.01). Results showed that increased dating violence perpetration [OR(95%CI)=1.71(1.48-1.98),1.55(1.33-1.82),1.75(1.43-2.15)]and victimization [OR(95%CI)=1.84(1.43-2.16),1.59(1.34-1.87),1.62(1.32-2.00)](P<0.01) among individuals with physical, emotional and sexual abuse after controlling for confounding variables. No gender difference was found within other groups in the relationship between childhood abuse and dating violence(P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Childhood abuse experiences are associated with higher risk of dating violence perpetration and victimization among college students. Reducing childhood abuse is beneficial to the prevention and control of dating violence among medical college students.
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Objective@#To investigate the cumulative and sensitive period effects of family adversity on the outcome of psychopathological symptoms,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and intervention of adverse events.@*Methods@#A total of 710 adolescents were recruited from local schools in rural area of Fuyang,Anhui Province in Dec. 2017 by using the convenience sampling method. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire was used to assess family adversity. The MacArthur Health & Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the association between number and time of family adversity and psychopathological symptoms.@*Results@#Persistent family adversity was associated with increased internalizing symptoms [(β(95%CI)=0.35(0.15-0.54)] and increased externalizing symptoms [β(95%CI)=0.16(0.01-0.32)]. 2 and ≥3 family adversities were associated with increased internalizing symptoms[β(95%CI)=0.20(0.04-0.36),0.42(0.24-0.60)]and increased externalizing symptoms[β(95%CI)=0.14(0.01-0.26),0.23(0.09-0.37)]. In childhood family adversity group,2 and ≥3 family adversities were associated with increased internalizing symptoms [β(95%CI)=0.23(0.06-0.41),0.34(0.11-0.58)] and increased externalizing symptoms [β(95%CI)=0.17(0.02-0.31),0.21(0.02-0.39)]. In persistent family adversity group,≥3 family adversities were associated with increased internalizing symptoms[β(95%CI)=0.56(0.31-0.82)] and increased externalizing symptoms [β(95%CI)=0.24(0.02-0.45)]. Adolescence family adversity was not associated with psychopathological symptoms.@*Conclusion@#The cumulative family adversity may increase the risk of psychopathological symptoms,and that childhood may be the sensitive period for family adversity to cause psychopathological symptoms.
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Abstract@#A growing body of studies are identifying associations between adverse childhood experiences and psychological and behavior problems among adolescents. The current paper provides a review of the existing evidence relating adverse childhood experiences to psychological and behavior problems among adolescents,as well as biological mechanisms including central nervous system,psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways underlying this association. Several directions for future research are proposed. Adverse childhood experiences should be considered as a priority in the prevention and control of psychological and behavior problems among adolescents.
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Objective@#The aim of this paper is to understand the prevalence of smoking behavior among middle school students and to analyze the impact of childhood abuse experience on smoking behavior of middle school students.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 14 500 middle school students from Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Nanchang and Guiyang as participants. A multivariate logistic regression model was established to analyze the effects of childhood abuse on smoking behavior among middle school students.@*Results@#The rate of smoking behavior among middle school students was 3.6%, male students (5.8%) were higher than female students (1.4%), senior high school (5.0%) was higher than junior high school (2.3%), and rural (6.0%) was higher than urban (2.8%). The differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). Those exposed to high-level of various types of childhood abuse had a higher rate of smoking behavior than those with low levels. Multivariate Logistic regression models showed that emotional abuse(OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.38-2.07), physical abuse(OR=2.17, 95%CI=1.78-2.64), sexual abuse(OR=2.56, 95%CI=2.10-3.12), emotional neglect(OR=2.27, 95%CI=1.89-2.74), physical neglect (OR=2.21, 95%CI=1.83-2.67) and childhood abuse experience (OR=2.66, 95%CI=2.21-3.21) increased the risk of smoking among middle school students independently(P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Childhood abuse is closely assoliated with smoking behavior among middle school students. Strengthening the importance and intervention of childhood abuse is beneficial to the prevention and control of smoking behavior among middle school students.
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Objective@#To explore the impact of adverse childhood experiences on pubertal development,and to provide a reference for conducting the targeted intervention in the early stage.@*Methods@#A cluster sampling method was used to randomly select students of grades 3 to 4 from three primary schools in Ma’anshan municipality of Anhui province in October 2017. Self-reported childhood adverse experiences (ACEs), including physical, emotional and sexual abuse, as well as physical and emotional neglect were collected. Testicular volume and breast Tanner stage were assessed. A follow-up survey was conducted one year later to assess ACEs and pubertal development. ACEs of each dimension were divided into non-exposure group, transient exposure group and sustained exposure group according to ACEs exposure at baseline and follow-up. Multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between ACEs exposure and pubertal development after 1-year follow-up.@*Results@#Sustained emotional abuse was positively associated with increased breast Tanner stage and testicular volume (breast: β=0.36, 95%CI=0.09-0.63, P<0.01; testicular volume: β=1.07, 95%CI=0.47-1.66, P<0.01); sustained physical abuse was positively associated with decreased testicular volume (β=-0.83, 95%CI=-1.58--0.08, P<0.05); sustained and transient sexual abuse were significant positively associated with decreased breast Tanner stages (sustained: β=-1.43, 95%CI=-2.86--0.02, P<0.05; transient: β=-0.45, 95%CI=-0.73--0.19, P<0.05); sustained emotional neglect was positively associated with increased breast Tanner staging (β=0.33, 95%CI=0.06-0.61, P<0.05) and decreased testicular volume (β=-0.19, 95%CI=-1.38--0.19, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Sustained emotional abuse was associated with early pubertal development in boys and girls,and the specitic mechanisam differences of different ACES puberty development effects and the gender differences of the same ACES puberty development effects need to be furthur explored.
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Objective@#To investigate the longitudinal association between peer bullying victimization and internalizing symptoms, and to examine whether parental warmth buffers against this effect,so as to provide a reference for improving the mental health of the special group of children.@*Methods@#Students in grade 4 and grade 5 from three primary schools in Ma’anshan, Anhui Province were selected in Oct. 2017 with informed consent. Height, weight and pubertal development were objectively assessed. Internalizing symptoms and peer bullying victimization were evaluated at baseline and 1-year follow-up by using the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire-Child. Children were classified into three groups as non-bullying, non-consistent and consistent bullying victimization group. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze whether the association between peer bullying victimization and internalizing symptoms varied across different parental warmth groups.@*Results@#Compared with non-bullying victimization group, consistent-and non-consistent bullying victimization had higher internalizing symptoms at baseline and 1-year follow-up(P<0.01). Students reported consistent, non-consistent bullying victimization under moderate parental warmth had lower internalizing symptoms at baseline and 1-year follow-up than those reported under low parental warmth group(P<0.01). Multiple liner regression showed that consistent bullying victimization [β=0.66(95%CI=0.33-0.99), 0.37(95%CI=0.15-0.59), 0.58(95%CI=0.31-0.84), P<0.05] and non-consistent bullying victimization[β=0.33(95%CI=0.18-0.47), 0.28(95%CI=0.13-0.41), 0.29(95%CI=0.08-0.51),P<0.05] were associated with higher 1-year follow-up internalizing symptoms in non-consistent, moderate-and low parental warmth group, while such association was not observed in consistent parental warmth group.@*Abstract@#The experience of peer bullying victimization increases the risk of internalizing symptoms and this finding suggests that parental warmth help to buffer children from the internalizing symptoms associated with bullying victimization.